The mechanism of medical effects of these biological preparations is connected with the inhibition of auto-immune processes based on the restoration of immuno-regulation. With the production by cells of insulin-like factors of regulation over carbohydrate metabolism, as well as with the general stimulation of metabolic processes, in organisms of patients with diabetes. Clinical data received by us from patients following cell injections prove the positive effects on the carbohydrate metabolism of recipients, which were expressed in a 40-60% decrease of insulin doses over the course of a 3-4 week period.

A patient's immune status improves: the total number of lymphocytes increases by 30%, the ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes changes for the decrease of B-lymphocyte fractions. In the cases of patients having diabetic nephrosclerosis and eryhropoeitin anemia an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels were marked. The positive dynamics of urine analyses were received which proved the improvement over the basic functions of the kidneys. The observation of patients spanning several years has shown a stable state and an absence of secondary manifestations of diabetes (retinopathy, etc.). Cell suspension transfusions result in the significant improvement of general clinical conditions of the patients.

Severe manifestations of diabetic micro-angiopathy is proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The growth of the newly formed vessels, recurrent hemophtalms, fibrosis of the reticular tunic and vitreous body, traction retina detachment and secondary glaucoma lead to irreversible blindness. There is a method of treatment of retinopathies by parabulbar introduction of xenogenic cultures of islet tissues.

In our research we have used another approach, applying cryogenically preserved embryonic hemopoietic cells in the treatment of various ocular pathologies. For patients with diabetic retinopathy cell transfusion was done intravenously, parabulbar and retrobulbar. Embryonic stem hemopoietic cells in most cases were injected once and in cases of necessity repeated injections were also possible.

We have developed these methods of use, indication and contraindication for the application of biological preparations. The majority of patients that were treated with our method, had an evident fibrous proliferation of reticular tunic, retinal and pre-retinal hemorrhages, partial hemophtalm, newly formed vessels, "wadding" and wax-like discharges. After the injection of biological preparations, their objective picture was changed within 2-3 days. The positive dynamics depended on the expressiveness of these pathological changes.

In all cases, we observed the restoration of fresh hemophtalm with no expressed proliferative changes in vitreous body, also restoration of pre-retinal and retinal hemorrhages. The fibrous reticular tunic became more delicate with a tendency for regression. In some cases, the desolation and obliteration of newly formed vessels was marked as well as a regression to "wadding" and wax-like discharges. All these changes lead to improvement of the ocular functions.

Under the simple form of diabetic retinopathy, the observed positive dynamics of ocular functions and regression of pathological changes on the foundation of the eye were expressed more vividly, and the medical effect was more stable. Most of the patients did not have hemophtalm recurrences. Also, after the intravenous cell suspension injection immune blood indexes normalized and almost all the patients had stabilized their blood glucose indexes.

The mechanism of medical effects of these biological preparations is connected with the inhibition of auto-immune processes based on the restoration of immuno-regulation. With the production by cells of insulin-like factors of regulation over carbohydrate metabolism, as well as with the general stimulation of metabolic processes, in organisms of patients with diabetes. Clinical data received by us from patients following cell injections prove the positive effects on the carbohydrate metabolism of recipients, which were expressed in a 40-60% decrease of insulin doses over the course of a 3-4 week period.

A patient's immune status improves: the total number of lymphocytes increases by 30%, the ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes changes for the decrease of B-lymphocyte fractions. In the cases of patients having diabetic nephrosclerosis and eryhropoeitin anemia an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels were marked. The positive dynamics of urine analyses were received which proved the improvement over the basic functions of the kidneys. The observation of patients spanning several years has shown a stable state and an absence of secondary manifestations of diabetes (retinopathy, etc.). Cell suspension transfusions result in the significant improvement of general clinical conditions of the patients.

Cardiovascular diseases leading to the development of coronary heart disease, stroke and other pathologies, cause 50-60% of all general deaths. Applied in the therapy of any given disease, pharmacological impacts upon different stages of the synthesis of cholesterol in an organism, as well as surgical treatment promoting the activation of coronary blood circulation in the form of aorta-coronary bypass or extra-corporal hemocorrection, lead only to the temporary improvement and short-term stabilization of blood lipids.

Upon the arrival of such patients into our clinic, we first conduct a thorough examination in accordance with the following parameters:
Techniques of estimating a patient's clinical status:
Frequency of stenocardiac attacks.
Evidence of a pain syndrome.
Level of medicated therapy.
Veloergometrical probe in the sitting position under a growing scheme with increases by 25 Watts every three minutes.
ECG in 12 standard leads. The criterion for the probe stop is the appearance of typical stenocardial pain and/or displacement of the ST segment by 1.5 mm or more with a duration of 0.08 s from the point j as well as occurrence of frequent ventricular premature beats.
Concentration of general cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol of high density (fermentative method with the help of "Boehringer Mannheim" sets produced by "LKB", the contents of low density lipids is calculated using W. Freidwald's formula).
Aggregative features of lipoproteins determined using methods of measuring the kinetics of induced aggregation of total lipoproteins of high and low density in the CaCl medium by means of registration of an optical density medium in time with defining the parameters of aggregation speed T1 and T2.
Estimation of the bio-transformative liver function by means of spreading the general and effective concentration of albumin on a fluometer "Probe-3".
Defining the absorptive-secreting functions of the liver using the results of radio-nuclide hepato-cholecystography picture on the camera "Diacam" (ICON computer system) by means of intravenous injection of 100MBC 99-m-Tc-Brommesid with a time-lapse registration of parameters, reflecting the absorptive-secreting functions of the liver and evacuative function of gall bladder.
The state of transport-metabolic function of the liver is estimated by means of antipirin tests carried out according to M.Micali's method; using the liquid chromatograph "Milichrome", the clearance is calculated, as is the half-life time of antipirin.
Terms of observation: before the injection of cryogenically preserved stem hemopoietic cells, 7th, 14th day, 1.5, 3, and 6 months after the injection. The technique of injection of hemopoietic cells in a number of 5?10⁷ - 1?10⁸; CFU-GM 20?10³ - 75?10⁴.


The clinical presentation of the patients' state is altered in some cases within a couple of hours after the injection of cells. Dyspnea and the daily frequency of steno-cardiac attack decreases at first and then disappear, sleep normalizes, lips' cyanosis disappears as well as edema, and the size of the liver decreases. Long-term follow-up on the patients proved the improvement of the clinical state according to the following criteria.

The improvement of state criteria: In 1.5 months a definite improvement was observed in the clinical course of CHD and in 6 months the indicators were the following: - Decrease in frequency or complete termination of steno-cardiac attacks; - Decrease of base therapy; - Improvement of sexual functions; - Increase in the maximum load (the biggest among the patients of 3-4 class of complication); - Authentic decrease of total cholesterol level (total cholesterol from 260±7,0 up to 198±6,3); - Decrease in the level of cholesterol low-density lipids from 53,0±1,6 to 73,3±6,4; - Decrease in the level of tri-glycerides from 173±11,5 up to 139±10,3; - Tendency to the increase of cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins from 160±7,5 up to 121±3,6; - Extension of time parameters of aggregation speed of atherogenic lipoproteins (?1 from 4,2±0,20 up to 6,0±0,31, ?2 6,5± 0,35 up to 7,9 ±0,31); - Improvement of the bio-transformational function of the liver (Increase of the effective from 42,9±0,7 up to 49,2±3,8 and general concentration of albumin from 50,1±0,6 up to 54,0±1,9); - Authentic increase of clearance of antipirin (from 31,1±1,3 up to 36,5±2,7 ); - Period of half-life of antitipins (from 20,3±1,4 up to 16,2±1,6); - Improved absorptive-secreting functions of hepatocytes (?max from 21,1±1,3 up to 16,2±1,3, ?1/2 of a liver from 59,8±3,7 up to 35,5±2,4, ?max of a gallbladder from 34,2±2,5 up to 18,7±2,0, ?1/2 of a gallbladder from 53,0±46 up to 1±2,8).

Thus, cryogenically preserved stem hemopoietic cells and fetal preparation introductions lead to the improvement of the clinical state of CHD patients, normalization of lipid spectrum, increase of physical and sexual activity, restoration of biologically transformative functions of the liver and functional states, as well as an increase in the speed of cholegenesis.

As a result of the normalization of cholesterol level and lipid blood count among the patients with coronary atherosclerosis occurs the stabilization of the course of disease and regression of pathological changes. Approximately in 2-3 years after stem cell therapy, many CHD patients had repeated transfusions upon their request, even though their state was much better than before the initial cell injection.

Stem cell therapy leads, in the majority of cases, to a decrease or even cessation of stenocardia attacks and vertigo (90% of the patients), decrease in the dosage of basic therapy, and at the same time, with the extension of common physical activity (100% of the patients), 80% of the patients marked the improvement of sexual function over the course of several months. We also observed a reduction in the level of general cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and tri-glycerides; a positive change occurs in the speed of aggregation in atherogenic lipoproteins. Clinical effects are also achieved as a result of the normalization of functions of the liver. In consequence of stem cell therapy the concentration of albumin increases as well as hydroxilases' activity and significantly improves the absorptive-secreting functions of hepatocytes.

The effects of suspension activity can be connected to the normalization of the immune system functions and the slowing down of auto-immune process activities as well as to the general stimulation of the metabolism with activation of mechanisms restraining the development of atherosclerosis.

Under a decompensated cirrhosis, the edematic-ascitic syndrome, hepatorenal syndrome, and hyper-splenism are considered to be serious complications. An important part is played by neurohumoral deregulation, a consequence of which is the portal load and fluid accumulation within the abdominal cavity, hormones and mediators regulatory dysfunction, and hypo-coagulation. Auto-immune reactions mediated by the spleen sustain the activity of the cytological process, supporting the progression of the main disease. We marked the sensitization of spleen cells to the disintegration products and autolysis of cells according to the hypersensitivity type of the delayed type.

We have developed a regimen for the complex therapy of cirrhoses of the liver, which in the majority of cases patient treatments garnered positive results. We have researched the indexes of humoral and cell immunity in patients with portal cirrhosis. We have discovered a definite change of level of organ specific antibodies, content of cytotoxic auto-antibodies, ratio of sub-populations of CD4-/CD8-lymphocytes, levels of serum -4 and -8 inter-leukins.

At the first stage of treatment, for the correction of metabolic disorders and the decrease of auto-immune aggression intra-muscular injections of the feto-placental complex preparations were applied. Within five days of the intra-muscular injection intravenous transfusions of embryonic stem hemopoietic cells were carried out. At early points following the transfusion (10-15 days), the positive suppression of studied humoral indexes were revealed. The clinical signs of ascites were absent. In 20-30 days in all cases the spleen size decrease was marked, and the majority of patients' liver sizes were normalized.

Thus, under various kinds of liver cirrhosis we undergo differentiated methods of treatment, including stem cell transfusion as well as their implantation directly into the parenchyma of a liver. For implantation we use specially prepared cell suspensions. Embryonic stem hemopoietic cells produce positive influences on the course of the disease: correction of metabolic disorders and the decrease of auto-immune aggression mediated by the spleen takes place. Even more expressed clinical effects are observed under the intravenous injection of the preparation and simultaneous injection directly into the injured organ.

Our experience shows that as a result of carrying out this treatment a significant improvement of liver function is achieved as well as a significant weakening of the encephalopathy and portal hypertension signs, and hemopoeisis distortions.

This disease, in most cases, is characterized by a chronic recurrent course. The doctor's task includes first of all the removal of the acute disease and the achievement of a steady lasting remission. Modern medications used for therapy are rather limited and often badly endured, not always achieving the desired effects.

Including stem cell therapy in regimens of treatment of non-specific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, allows for the cutting short of acute disease attack (even the fulminate forms), and the achievement of a steady prolonged remission and the ability to avoid a disabling operation.

The use of biological preparations in the case of wound dystrophy (multiple organ failure) results in a directed change of metabolism and activation of regenerative and repairing processes. The normalization of protein-lipid and electrolyte exchange takes place, in some cases there is a compensatory change of cytokine levels.

In spite of the development of modern surgery and anesthesiology, medical equipment and danger of major operative interventions remain very high, especially in the presence of concomitant diseases, a compromised immune system as a result of enduring diseases as well as the influence of unfavorable environments. Use during pre-operative periods of powerful immune modulating impact of cell therapy allows for the employment of operative intervention with far less risk, avoidance of early and late complications, and the achievement of a more complete surgical rehabilitation.

The acute surgical pathology of the abdominal cavity organs accompanied by the peritonitis and pyoin-septic complications causes death in 55-60% of patients. The background of endo-toxicosis, progressing multiple organ failure develops causing irreversible metabolic disorders in an organism. Twenty-six patients with complicated surgical pathologies received transfusions of human embryonic hemopoietic stem cells. Based on the changes in their number of haemotologic and immunological indexes this group of patients was prescribed a transfusion or repeated transfusions of whole blood or plasma.

Under our supervision there were patients who during their post-surgical period once or twice received biological preparation transfusions along with the patients that did not have the cell injections. The control group consisted of 19 patients. Clinical effectiveness was defined by the objective estimation of a patient's state before and after the transfusion using the same parameters which are applied with oncology patients on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 10th days.

The clinical blood tests of patients proved the definite tendency of growth and stabilization of its indexes. The received dynamics demonstrate the accelerated restoration of liver functions and normalization of immuno-genesis of patients with various pathologies. The average indexes of immune reaction of patients varies. On the 7th through 10th days, the functional state of T-lymphocytes after the cells transfusion is significantly activated and there is a decrease of sensitization of the humeral type.

In spite of the severity of the disease with high death rate expectations , there were no deaths among the patients that received cells. In the control group, the death rate comprised of 30% of the cases.

A month long supervision over patients had shown a fast healing of wounds, stabilization of the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and thrombocytes, and immunity indexes. The wound healing progressed with the first tension, with no keloid cicatrixes. We observed the stimulation of hemopoiesis and the decrease of the level of circulating immune complexes.

Appearance of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after surgical interventions, certain diseases and traumatic injuries is a rather frequent phenomenon and in some cases even useful. However, if as a result of the adhesion formations there is a distortion of the passage in the bowels, compression of mesentery or other organs, this leads to the development of the peritoneal commissures of the abdominal cavity. Surgical intervention have limited effects since it can lead to the formation of adhesions.

Embryonic stem cell introductions before surgery changes the immune response of the organism to the injury of organs in the abdominal cavity and prevents the formation of redundant adhesions, and serves as a reliable method of prevention of this frequent and severe complication.

Only upon the development of severe viscerofibroses in the abdominal cavity, we combine disconnection of adhesion applying surgery with the preceding and following stem cell therapy. In the rest of these cases several transfusions of embryonic hemopoietic cell suspensions is enough.

Transfusions of hemopoietic and immuno-competent bone marrow cells represent intensively improved and perspective groups of methods of reconstruction of the immune and hemopoietic systems, as well as treatment of immuno-deficient conditions, since the transplantation of hemopoietic tissue is often the only effective means possible.

Stem hemopoietic cells are isolated from the human embryonic liver and possess a number of advantages compared to the preparations of a donor's bone marrow; these values include the following:

- Lack of type necessity according to the HLA antigens; - Creation of a mutual tolerance of donor and recipient with formation of a steady chimerism in the organism after the transplantation; - High contents of very active stem and polypotent cells; - Differentiation according to all lines of hematosis in an organism of the recipient; - Possibility of the fast execution of transfusion in view of the availability of a bank of cryogenically preserved cells.

Accumulation of many samples for transplantation without typing defines the social and economic importance of this method. As an example, let us describe the case of 28 year old patient M. A disease was revealed during an examination of the immune system in 1992. A description of her stable immune state can be characterized by the following indexes: traces or more often total lack of immuno-globulins of the major classes in the serum, absence or trace amounts of LGL, normal number of CD22 - cells and E-RFC, normal number of CD3-lymphocytes, decreased number of CD4-cells and increased number of CD8-cells with a decreased ratio of CD4/CD8 often to less than one. That means that there was an obvious predominance of T-suppression which reveals in the suppression of the immunoglobulin synthesis.

Clinical statistics against the background of asthenization with mental suppression was characterized with the beginning of complicated purulent chronic bronchitis with permanent recurrent pneumonia and corresponding connective tissue changes in the lungs, conjunctivitis, otitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, gastroenterocolitis, cholcystitis, adnexitis and other inflammatory processes which undoubtedly allows for the classification of this state to the category of immuno-deficiencies.

After intravenous injection of stem hemopoietic cell preparation (the sample contained 47,8?106 of cells, 76,8?103 CFU-GM) according to the regimen offered by the authors, twice, with intervals of one week, in the same quantities, the general condition of the patient improved fast, and activity increased, the significant diminishing of the bronchitis manifestations and other inflammatory diseases were also marked. All the indexes of immune system activity were considerably increased.The content of erythrocytes in the blood increased, the blood formula normalized as well as the quantities of LGL and E-RFC.

We have to emphasize the appearance of Ig? in the serum are at the level of 0.27 g/l. Taking into consideration the fact that the methods of non-specific active immuno-therapy applied earlier were less effective, the biological preparation introduction can be regarded as the effective means for reconstruction of the immune system and treatment of immuno-deficient states.

We analyzed the effectiveness of stem hemopoietic cells preparations transfusions in complex immuno-therapy of immuno-deficient states of 11 children, who ranged between the ages of 5 months to 5 years, with an observation period in catamnesis from 7 months up to 5 years. The diagnosis of the disease and verification of an immune-deficient state were executed on a basis of clinical-immune examination which included the examination of hemo- and proteinogram, A, M, G immunoglobulins of blood plasma, B- and T (general, T-active, T-helpers, and T-suppressors) lymphocytes, general complementary activity, phagocytosis defining the activity of RNT-test, myeloperoxidase, liposome cat ion proteins in leukocytes under the standard methods.

The number of injected cells comprised from 10?106/ml to 10?107/ml, and were from 6?103 up to 10?103. Four patients received cells once, five: twice with an interval of one day, and two: thrice. Positive effects were received in five out of seven cases with bacterial killing disorders (four with septic granulomatosis and one with myeloperoxidase deficiency).Significant clinical improvement was acheived in 1 case with the Louis-Bar syndrome and in 2 cases with general non-classified immunodeficiency. In 2 cases (1 with septic granulomatosis and 1 with non-classified immunodeficiency) an absence of clinical effects were observed.

Catamnesis observations from 7 months to 5 years have shown good clinical effects of cell transfusions in nine cases. These results prove future prospects of cell therapy application in the treatment of congenital immunodeficiencies (severe combined immunodeficiency, thymus hypoplasia (de Gorgy syndrome), ataxia-teleangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome), Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, agammaglobulinemia, etc.). Intraosseous or intravenous transfusion of embryonic stem cells in early terms of gestation are recommended. In severe cases repeated injections are necessary. Full or partial recovery is possible with the restoration of structural organization and functional activity of the immune system.

Immunologic deficiency has revealed itself in the following ways: by frequent and prolonged viral, bacterial, and mycotic infections as well as through invasions of the respiratory tracts, digestive tract, uro-genital organs and dermal teguments (ARVI, bronchites, pneumonias, gastroenterocolites, hepatocholecystites, pancreatites, pyelonephrites, adnexites, pyodermas, etc.).Vegetative dysfunction syndrome (VDS) is often observed as well as dermal allergic manifestations as a rash and edemas to nutritional, medicinal, infectious, and non-infectious allergens, and also autoimmune reactions mostly in the joints, vessels and cells of the blood system (rheumatoid manifestations, systemic angiitis, anemias, leukopenias, thrombocytopenias).

We recommend intravenous injection of embryonic stem cell suspensions.The transfusion effect lies in the decrease of the frequency of infections and in deliverance from chronic infections, the cessation of allergic and autoimmune manifestations of immunologic deficiency is observed. Patients with VDS syndrome start to feel better by the next day following their transfusion. The clinical effects are accompanied by the normalization of blood reologic features as well as immune status which is expressed in the restoration of subpopulation compositions of lymphocytes and their ability to produce cytokines .

"The majority of patients with sickle-cell anemia die between the ages of 10-12 years," - doctor Francois Bernard told a correspondent of the "Associated Press", - "with the help of medicated therapy we can only prolong life, but its quality will stay poor. Nowadays, the use of stem cells are the only way to break this vicious circle."

Sickle-cell anemia is a severe congenital blood disease which is accompanied by the distortion of erythrocytes' structure. We suggested this new technique of treatment to patients with the help of embryonic stem hemopoietic cells suspension injections of early gestation periods in combination with the introduction of embryonic extracts into subcutaneous fat, taking into consideration the peculiarities of the disease and already carried out medicated therapy.

We came from the notion that the embryonic stem hemopoietic cells can engraft onto the recipient's organism and restore the dysfunctions of erythroid precursor cells. As the result of a complex treatment the patients' state has significantly improved. The hematologic indexes have stabilized. Disease incidence of respiratory infections have sharply decreased. The psychological status of the patient has improved.

We consider it necessary to introduce not only cells, but embryonic extracts as well, which are prepared according to a special technology because of the presence of -fetoprotein preventing transplant rejection, they also contain many growth factors supporting the engraftment and functioning of injected stem hemopoietic cells.

The pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (PMD) developing on the ground of anomalies of synthesis and function of dystrophin is a hereditary disease of skeletal muscles and affects men with the frequency of 1:3000.

Very thoroughly and with profound analysis of the nature of this disease and peculiarities of PMD course, it is described in the monograph of V.Repin and G. Sukhih [2]. The disease is of a phased character:

- The first stage is from the moment of birth and up til the first clinical symptoms appearance;
- The second stage, when all the symptoms of the disease are present, but the patient can move independently;
- The third, terminal stage, is when the patient is confined to a wheelchair, and later on - to a bed until death which usually comes between the ages of 18-20.

The peculiarities of this disease consist in the impossibility of its detection either during the intrauterine development, or during the earliest stages, since there are no signs of muscle weakness or biochemical changes which could indicate an abnormal metabolism. The latent period of this disease proceeds for 2-3 years with no clinical symptoms. When the first signs of disease appear, we can already observe mass irreversible death of the muscle fibers with the growth of fibrous tissues. That is why the earlier parents turn for help, the more possible disease correction is.

In the case of an early diagnosis, the most sensitive test is the measurement of muscle creatine phosphokinase in blood. In the pre-clinical period it is observed among children pseudo-hypertrophy of gastrocnemius muscles as a temporary compensation of gene defects. Early diagnostics of PMD is based on determining or the visualization of dystrophy in muscle cells.

In some centers, engaged in the treatment of this given disease for an extensive period, the sensitive DNA-diagnostics and immuno-fluorescence of dystrophy - antibody in muscle biopsy are developed. This disease is characterized by the mosaicism of muscular injuries: proximal muscles of limbs affected first. Eyeballs, face, tongue, rectum, and larynx muscles are not exposed to necrosis until the last stages of the disease, that is why there is a possibility to use personal resistant myocytes for auto-transplantation.

The PMD gene which controls the dystrophy synthesis is localized in the middle of the short arm of the X-chromosome and is the longest gene of 2.5 million pairs of nitrogenous bases. There are methods of "gene therapy" by means of transfection of the dystrophine gene, however, in these cases also the most effective is the first stage of the disease, at later points transfected cells are badly engrafted within the recipient's organism.

Complications, arising with the gene PMD therapy projects, pressured scientists to look for alternative methods of treatment including the transplantation of healthy allogenic myoblasts into the sick muscles. Dr. Peter Low of the USA in 1991-92 had executed, upon the agreement of the parents, cell therapy with myoblasts for the first 25 patients ranging from the age of 6-14 years. He injected allogenic and personal cells, multiplied in the culture, myoblasts. It turned out that personal cells and allogenic myoblasts after the injection merge into a myoplast, and at the same time, allogenic cells prior to the merger into syncytium totally lost antigens of histocompatibility.

The clinical effects were expressed poorly and did not last long. Obviously, it was connected to the fact that the treatment was applied to the furthest stage of the disease. Nowadays, the biggest experience of the PMD therapy by means of transplantation of a donor's myoblasts has been accumulated by Dr. P. Low, who has carried out treatment on more than 350 children. In 30% of the cases, definite positive changes were observed in the form of partial remission as well as delayed progression of the disease. We cite such detailed analyses of this given disease to show how complicated it is and even the slightest success deserves special discussion.

Parents have appealed to us for help on numerous occassions. We cite an example of treatment of one of our patients, a young boy of 18 who was diagnosed with PMD at the third stage of the disease. Along with this patient came his doctor who was very familiar with the new methods of PMD treatment abroad and believed the application of the embryonic cells could produce at least temporarily positive effects. After consultation of the protocol, implementation of the therapy was approved; it included the intravenous injection of cryogenically preserved embryonic stem hemopoietic cells with the following intramuscular introduction of myoblasts received from muscular embryonic tissue from the first trimester of pregnancy. After the first injection of the stem cells suspension, within a month the patient has significant changes in biochemical and immunological indexes of peripheral blood directed to normalization. Their general condition has improved, which is expressed in the desire to do physical exercises, appetite is improved, sleep was normalized, there was a slight increase of dystrophin (by 6%) and growth of muscle strength in the lower extremities. The patient had received transfusions several times through out the year according to the developed scheme. According to doctor's observations, there were significant delays in the progression of the disease .

The next stage of the treatment was the intramuscular introduction of embryonic cryogenically preserved myoblasts in the number of 1?108 into the different parts of the gastrocnemius muscle. The patient has been constantly observed through out the course of four years. Currently, the general condition and psychological status of the patient hass improved and stabilized.

Mental retardation, resulting from the defect of the 21st chromosome is rather widespread, it occurs at a frequency of 1:700 among infants under the name of Down's disease (Down's syndrome, DS). In the structure of 21st chromosome, there is a gene coding one of the key ferments of an antiradical defense - superoxide dismutase. As a result of hyper-expression of this ferment against the background of normal content of the catalase and glutathione peroxidase whose genes are localized in other chromosomes, an imbalance in regulation and utilization of active form of oxygen occurs the same as enforced in the generation of ?2?2 causing the oxidative degradation of the cerebrum neurons of the patient.

During the first years of life of a DS patient we observe the delay of motor functions formation which, as the child develops, is compensated, while the delay in intellectual growth and development is the reason for the disorder in the social adaptation of such children. The efforts of scientists working on this problem are directed towards the search for the possibilities of improvement of psychological development and the increase of mental power .

Several patients with DS aged from 2 to 5 years of age were under our observation. The parents came to us with requests of eliminating the frequent respiratory infection diseases. We have developed a complex approach for the increase of immune resistance for patients taking into consideration their Down's syndrome. After preliminary examination, children received injections of cryogenically preserved embryonic stem hemopoietic cells of early terms of gestation, and in the case of the immunogram and blood indexes improvement - the hypodermic injection of the embryonic nerve cells of the same type were administered into the front abdominal wall.

The observation of patients over the course of two years has shown positive results, consisting of the decrease of sickness rates in respect to respiratory infections, improvement of motor functions, coordination of movements, memory and intellectual development.

During the period of menopause at the time of middle age, the quality of life is considerably reduced due to the development of symptoms surrounding the climacteric syndrome: uro-genital and cardio-vascular infringements, an osteochondrosis and osteoporosis, and a constant state of chronic weariness. In spite of the fact that the role of estrogen deficiency in the development of these given pathologies is not primary, substitutive hormonal therapy is applied to their treatment in general world practice.

The approach of menopause occurs at the age of 40 through 51 and in many respects is determined by living conditions: it comes earlier for smokers, or women leading an unhealthy lifestyle. The beginning of menopause is considered an important biological marker of aging, the later the menopause begins, the longer the life expectantcy .

The first sign of menopause is an infringement on the menstrual cycle. For only 10 % of women menses stop suddenly against the background of regular menstrual cycles. In other cases menopause is foregone by many years of alternation of regular menstruations with prolonged ones, oligomenorrhea, meno/metrorrhagias. Experts consider insufficiency of lutein phase or anovulation as major reasons for climacteric bleedings. Replaceable hormonal therapy (RHT) is the principal method of treatment for a climacteric syndrome. The drug withdrawal symptoms appear again but with a lesser intensity.

Experts state that in the development of a climacteric syndrome an essential role is played by changes in the functional condition of hypothalamic structures (the thermoregulation center) and vegetative imbalance due to alteration of catecholamines activity (noradrenaline, dopamine) under the influence of a deficiency of estrogen . An increase in the level of luteinizing and thyrotropin-releasing hormones in peripheral blood causes a change of sensitivity to the thermoregulation center, especially at night time. This explains the frequency of hot flashes at night and sleep disturbance. In response to hyperemia the frequency of the heartbeat intensifies, growing emission of heat caused by vasodilatation and the occurrence of excessive sweat, skin becomes hot and the sensation of heat appears. Approximately 80 % of women have dishormonal myocardiodystrophy, and the reason for it is the metabolic process disorder in a myocardium against the background of hypo-estrogenia. For the majority of patients the pain syndrome can be liquidated with the application of RHT.

Within the first five years following menopause there is the possibility of a dermatological change such as an arterial hypertension, urogenital infringements, osteoarthrosis, xerosis, occurrence of wrinkles, loss of hair, fragility of nails, sleep disturbance, irritability and hyperexcitability. Osteoarthrosis is considered a disease affecting cartilage and other components of joints (subchondrial bone, ligaments, a capsule, synovial membrane, periarticular muscles), connected with abnormalities of the processes of dehydration and synthesis of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and subchondrial bone. Long-term courses of RHT promote the reduction of the frequency of coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis, that prove once again the reason for disease in the deficiency of estrogens.

Urogenital infringements within the first years of menopause are expressed in a combination of atrophic colpitis and cystourethritis symptoms, followed by stressoral urinary incontinence and incontinence at vesical tenesmus. For their treatment local lifelong application of ovestin (cream, suppositories) is recommended. At later terms the osteoporosis, and coronary heart disease become aggravated, and Alzheimer's disease develops .

Postmenopausal osteoporosis- a systemic disease of the skeleton which has begun to decrease in bone weight and deranged micro-architectonics of bone tissue therefore its fragility increases and appears at constant risk of sudden, almost unhealing fractures. The early signs of postmenopausal osteoporosis would be pains in the lumbar and thoratic parts of the spinal cord. Fractures are the late manifestations of osteoporosis. Efficiency of treatment depends upon the early diagnosis of the disease.

The treatment for this disease is carried out with the help of RHT, excluding estriol. Upon the patients rejection of RHT, treatment is made by other groups of preparations (calcitonins, biphosphanates, etc.) Very often, after the approach of menopause, women have coronary heart disease (CHD) an occurrence of which the basic role is played by the change of the lipid spectrum of blood: an increase of cholesterol levels, tri-glycerides and lipoproteins of low density and decrease in the number of lipoproteins of high density. A change of the level of endogenous estrogens results in the occurrence of disturbances in homeostasis system: aggregation of thrombocytes, the level of fibrinogen and other factors of coagulation rise, activity of natural anticoagulants and fibrinolysis is reduced, a resistance to insulin and vascular tone rises. All these factors promote the development and fast progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) - is the disease connected to degenerative changes of the brain leading to dementia. One of the initial symptoms is memory impairment; there is a loss of stock of acquired habits and knowledge, along with ability towards logical reasoning, the mental outlook is narrowed, speech and psycho-emotional disorders become more evident. After the usage of RHT the risk of AD is reduced by 30-50 %.

Apparently based on the review mentioned above, treatment of the diseases connected to estrogen deficiency, hormonal therapy is applied. RHT uses only natural estrogens which, as opposed to synthetic ones, metabolize in an organism like endogenous estrogens and do not exert negative influences upon the metabolism. All aforementioned are appropriate preconditions for the use of embryonic hemopoietic cells and embryonic extracts for treatment of the pathologies connected to the post-climacteric period in women.

We developed the regimen of biological preparation introductions, its characteristics and necessary dosage. As opposed to the treatment of androgenous disorders, in this case we used 10-12 week preparations with XX genotypes. Before carrying out treatment with preparations, a profound study of somatic and gynecologic anamnesis in view of contra-indications to hormonal therapy, mammography and bio-chemical examination, ultrasound of organs of the small pelvis on the 5-7th days of the menstrual cycle are made.

Patients coming to our clinic with premature and senile menopause are exposed to meticulous examination for full anamnesis acquisition; they go through physical examination, including a two-handed gynecological one, blood tests, and also smears for cytologic analysis are taken. Special attention is devoted to smoking women, as smoking is a contributing factor for ovary insufficiency the same as the development of cardiovascular pathologies .

Lipid composition of blood, including cholesterol and tri-glycerides are also determined and analyzed. As a result of such examinations the general presentation of the condition is created and individual recommendations by institute in regard to a patients' treatment regimen are developed. It is necessary to pay attention to earlier therapy, especially if corticosteroids were used which can cause the development of osteoporosis.

The application of RHT can lead to an increase in the density of the tissues of mammary glands which makes early diagnostics of a cancerous mammary gland very complicated. For comparison and control of initial conditions and the efficiency of treatment also absorptive densitometry is made.

Ten years' of supervision over patients treated by our method have shown, in the first day after introduction of preparations an improvement of the state of health is marked, the syndromes of chronic weariness are removed, frequency of hot flashes and their intensity decreases. It is necessary to note, that upon the presence of changes within the joints in the first months observed an aggravation and painful sensations in injured places which will disappear during the first two months. Function of the urinary bladder and bowels is restored, cardiac pains are removed, and sleep is normalized. Also, the reduction or full restoration of fibromas were marked. Fast fracture healing had been observed in their presence . The study of estrogen content after injection has shown a stable increase. Lipid composition of blood is normalized, and vessel elasticity is restored.

The positive effects are especially expressed in women with post-surgical menopause. In comparison with RHT patients, our patients had no side effects connected with hormone overdose, the effect of the preparations' action is gentle, there are no negative influences on the liver, it does not require additional application of gestagens. Women, who have been operated on for suspected cancer pathology, who have received chemo- or radiation therapy, undergo its consequences much easier with the preparations introduction before such therapies; their hair does not fall out, their blood formula nearly does not change and the restoration of general well-being goes faster than without cell therapy. The duration of remission in some patients runs up to 10 years and life activity is not reduced.

In the middle of XIX c., J. M. Sharko had for the first time described pathomorphological and clinical manifestations of disseminated sclerosis (DS) and defined the disease in a separate nosologic group. In spite of such a long period of time, separating us from this event, the questions connected with the etiology of the disease and the establishment of reasons, which stipulated its development as well as treatment methods still remain unclear and debatable in many respects.

Recently, the theory of multifactor etiology of disseminated sclerosis became very popular; the main part of it was devoted to genetic predisposition and unknown factors of the environment. Many authors considered the etiological impacts to have endogenous as well as exogenous character. The researches carried out with the application of the twin method (A. D. Sadovnick et al., 1993) have shown that hereditary factors are very important, but are insufficient alone for the development of DS. The phenotype of the disease has a large variability and expects the autoimmune nature (G. Ebers, 2002).

However, long-term follow-ups and research by the professor S. K. Evtushenko have shown that only 25% of patients did not show any significant changes in immunogram over the course of many years, which would be consistent with the progress of the disease. The opinion has been stated that DS was not a primary autoimmune disease.

Out of the environmental factors, definitely not the last part is being devoted to viruses and infectious agents. An etiological factor can be the specific kind of neurotrophic virion or prion which has a long incubation period and is related to a neuroinfection that is slowly taking its course to affect only the pathway. Data of the epidemiological researches published abroad have recently proven that infections provoke or modify the autoimmune process under the dissipated sclerosis. According to N. Panitch (2001), any viruses from the families of premix viruses (measles, sylvatic plague), hyperviruses (herpes 1, 2, 6, Epstein-Bar), retroviruses,and adenoviruses (type2), can lead to the development of dissipated sclerosis; however, their definite association with this disease is hard to prove.

In the pathogenesis of dissipated sclerosis, an important part is played by the mediators of the immune response - cytokines. An increase in the production of such cytokines as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF ), interferon and interleukin 1, 2, 6 is the sign of the activation of pathological processes under dissipated sclerosis, and interleukin IL-4, 10 and trophic growth factors (TGF) are the protective cytokines. The presence of DR markers (HLA system) and TNF- -9 connected to an unfavorable course of the disseminated sclerosis, and TNF- -7 with a milder clinical manifestation of the disease.

As it was described in the works of professor S.K. Evtushenko, a major aspect in the development of the pathomorphology of the plaque itself belongs to the hematoencephalic barrier (HEB) and is represented by two factors:

- The penetration through HEB by the activated T-lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma promotes an intensive synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines of -interferon, TNF , IL-1. IL-2 (1 factor);
- The presence of the antigenic drift leads to the activation of B-lymphocytes which in turn synthesize the antimyelinic antibodies and start forming the source of inflammatory demyelinization (2nd factor).


Up until a certain stage, the inflammation is suppressed by the activation of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF. The dominance of the first factor is the cause of the formation of these areas of chronic inflammatory demyelinization, i.e. to the appearance of the plaque. The autoimmune reactions under disseminated sclerosis are exclusively determined by the myelin proteins, nerve system conductors specific to the periventricular area as well as brainstem, cerebellum, optic chiasm, hypothalamus area and subcortical formations. Under a progressing course of sclerosis, and the evident destruction of myelin, the secondary degeneration of the axons of the nerve fibers can occur and later on - of the nerve cells and oligodendrocytes. This leads to the central cerebral atrophy which is expressed by the ventriculomegaly, and if the intra-cranial hypertension is also involved - than to hydrocephalus. This can explain intensive headaches of patients that often are expressed by monosymptome-liquor hypertension cephalgia.

With the aforementioned in mind, the early diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis is very important since an untimely or incorrect diagnosis can be responsible for the ineffectiveness of a method of treatment, and may lead to most unfortunate consequences for the patient.

As under disseminated sclerosis the processes of demyelinization which occurs at the edge of even active plaques is possible, the abilities of tissue and cell therapy can be directed to its elimination, which initially forms the DS and comprises 20% of the cells, and under the prolonged disease course - 80%. The acute development of disseminated sclerosis symptoms at the beginning of demyelinization is connected to the distortion of impulse conduction of synaptic conductivity; such changes possess a reversible character and result in remissions. This also allows for the suggestion of the possibility for the restoration of the myelin structure to its normal state under the influence of the stem nerve cells at the same as the restoration of patients' immunologic status that change the ratio of T-regulatory lymphocytes and which are the source of anti-inflammatory cytokines - IL-10, IL 4, TGF- , prostaglandin E. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of irreversible clinical symptoms, proving the secondary degeneration of the axons and neurons. In such cases, cell therapy could improve the quality of the patients life since exacerbations are significantly suppressed.

It is necessary to stress that the cell therapy of disseminated sclerosis is carried out after a close preliminary diagnostics of the patients by specialists, neurologists and neuro-immunologists, with an obligatory treatment of the disease according to the developed and approved regimen of this course of therapy for the primary and secondary progressions of dissipated sclerosis.

After the injection of cell preparations, the necessary examinations are carried out after 6 months: - Neurological inspection;
- MRT of the brain (spinal cord);
- Blood immuno detection with an obligatory analysis of specific -immunoglobulin;
- The level of antibodies to the brain-specific proteins.


Observations of patients with primary and secondary progressions of dissipating sclerosis, who have undergone treatment in our clinic, have shown that against the background of stem cell therapy the following are being cut short: - Autoimmune reaction;
- Progressing axonal injury is stopped;
- Perivascular cell-mediated inflammation is diminished, the process of demyelization is activated;
- Gliosis formation is decreased.

We have not achieved a complete recovery of a patient; however, we have observed a state of stabilization and an improvement in the quality of life . The patients become active, they adapt better to their surrounding environment, sleep is normalized, appetite is improved, and illness rate with respiratory infections are decreased.

Use of embryonic hemopoietic and nerve cells on diseases and disorders of the nervous system is an extremely perspective direction of modern medicine. The positive effects of implantation of embryonic nerve cells on Parkinson's disease, infantile cerebral paralysis and other pathologys is well-known. We use suspensions of cells on the severest diseases of the nervous system - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis, consequences of spinal injuries. For this purpose various suspensions of stem cells are applied. Extremely favorable results are achieved on consequences of traumatic spinal injuries. Restoration of sensitivity and motor activity in underlying parts, and also functions of pelvic organs are achieved. Ultimate results of treatment, in many respects, depend on the terms of its beginning. The earlier the treatment begins, the better the results and outlook are.

Irrespective of age, women can have cosmetic problems. Most of the time it is due to the imbalance of normal ratios of female and male sexual hormones. Critical and chronic stressful situations, also cause psychological and emotional stresses, and break adaptive systems which results in the increase of the synthesis of stress hormones including androgens. An increased content of androgens causes the occurrence of somatic diseases in women, such as diabetes, obesity, essential hypertension, and insult.

The change of the normal metabolism is reflected in women habitués: acne appears on the face and back, there is a possibility of hirsutism, the loss of hair, greasy or dry skin, and premature wrinkles. This arises from the fact that derivatives of skin, sebaceous glands and hair follicles, are dependent upon androgen formations and react to increases of androgens by increased production and lipopexia and an increase in the growth of hair on the body.

For elimination of such phenomena we use transfusions of stem cells. On early terms of embryonic development there is a formation of a sex of an embryo, due to the development of an embryonic estrogen, and its content can reach from 10000 up to 16000 nmole/l in samples with XX genotype. Endogenous estrogen stimulates the synthesis of the globulin connecting sexual hormones, and results in the reduction of free testosterone and other androgens. After the stem cells injection, a change of habitués is marked in women. Initially the rejuvenation of the face is what calls for attention: skin becomes elasticized and tense, there is a disappearance of acne, hair becomes brilliant, and pigmentation in gray hair is marked. There is a harmonious weight normalization in accordance with age and physiological state. In many women, an increase in sensitivity and libido is observed. The state of physiological rejuvenation lasts for extended periods of time with no side-effects. The patients mark that their peers look much older than them and lag behind in physical activity.

Allergic diseases are connected to formation in an organism of allergic antibodies belonging to immuno-globulin ? (IgE). The allergen inside the organism of a person is fragmented into antigen-presenting cells up to simplified peptides, which then are represented by these cells to E-cells-helpers (Th-cells), the cells having structures of Th2 cells and producing the same cytokines as interleukin IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5, but not IL 2 or interferon (IFN)- . Th2 cellular profiles concern immune humeral response and the IgE- response. Cells with Th1-cellular profiles produce interferon (IFN)- and IL-2. Between Th1-and Th2-cells there exist reciprocal relations and interferon (IFN)- , produced by Th1-cells, constrains Th2-cells activity.

The high-affinity receptors located on the mastocytes surface of mucous membranes and connective tissue, have high affinity to Fc-fragment of immuno-globulin E-Fc (R1), fix IgE-antibodies. Thus, the mastocytes armed with IgE-antibodies, are ready for the recognition of an antigen at its repeated entrance into an organism. In this case allergen binds by IgE-antibodies and the activation of mastocytes goes on, therefore neuro-mediators (histamine, D2 prostaglandin, C4, E4, D4 leukotrienes), the platelet-activating factor (PAF) start secreting on them which causes an increase of vascular permeability and tissue edema, non-striated muscles contraction, hyper-secretion of mucous glands, and the irritation of peripheral nerve endings . Released mediators attract other cells - participants into zones of allergic reaction: basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils. Accessory cells, participants of an allergic reaction, are activated and